September 10, 2012

NAME REACTIONS - SUMMARY


S. No
Name of
reaction
Starting
Material
Reagent and
other conditions
Application /
Use
1
Haloform Reaction
Compounds containing
CH3CHOH – or CH3CO – group
Halogen (X2) + NaOH or KOH
Haloform
2
Saponification Reaction
Oil or Fat or Ester
Alkali
(NaOH or KOH)
Glycerol + Soap
3
a) Simple Cannizzaro Reaction
2 moles of aldehydes not having α-H atom
Concentrated aqueous alkali (NaOH or KOH)
Alcohol + Acid
b) Crossed Cannizzaro Reaction
2 different Aldehydes not having α-H atom
4
Dow’s
Process
Chlorobenzene, C6H5Cl + NaOH
623 K;
300 atm
Phenol
5
Schotten - Baumann Reaction
a) Phenol + Benzoyl chloride, C6H5COCl
Alkali (NaOH)
Phenyl benzoate
b) Aniline + Benzoyl chloride, C6H5COCl
Alkali (NaOH)
Benzanilide
6
Williamson’s Synthesis
a) RX + Sodium alkoxide, RONa
Heat
Aliphatic Ethers
b) RX + Sodium phenoxide , ArONa
Heat
Aromatic / Phenolic Ethers
7
Diazo Coupling Reaction or
Coupling Reaction
a) Benzene diazonium salt, C6H5N2+X- + Phenol 
Alkali;
273 K
Azo dyes
b) Benzene diazonium salt, C6H5N2+X-  + Aniline 
Acid;
273 K
Azo dyes
8
Kolbe - Schmidt or Kolbe’s Reaction
Phenol
CO2 (NaOH),
403 K;
5 – 7 atm
Salicylic acid
9
Riemer -Tiemann Reaction
a) Phenol
CHCl3 +
NaOH
Salicylaldehyde
b) Phenol
CCl4 +
NaOH
Salicylic acid
10
Phthalein Reaction / Fusion
Phenol +
Phthalic anhydride
Conc. H2 SO4;
Heat
Phenolphathalein
11
Laderer - Manasse Reaction
Phenol + Formaldehyde, HCHO
NaOH
p-Hydroxy phenyl methanol
12
Rosenmund Reduction
Acid chlorides, RCOCl
H2 in presence of Pd suspended in BaSO4
Aldehydes
13
Stephen’s Reaction
Alkyl cyanide, RCN dissolved in ether or
Ethyl formate or Ethyl acetate
SnCl2 / HCl
Aldehyde
14
a) Aldol Condensation
2 moles of Aldehydes having α- H atom
Dilute alkali (NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3, Ba(OH)2, …..
Aldol
b) Crossed Aldol Condensation
An aldehyde and a Ketone having
α- H atom
15
Claisen Reaction or
Claisen Schmidt Reaction
C6H5CHO + Aliphatic Aldehydes or Ketones
having α- H atom
Dilute alkali (NaOH)
α, β- Unsaturated aldehyde or Ketone
16
Clemmenson Reduction
Aldehydes or
Ketones
(> C = O)
Zinc Amalgam
(Zn / Hg) +
Conc. HCl
Hydrocarbons
17
Wolff - Kishner Reduction
Aldehydes or
 Ketones,
(> C = O)
Hydrazine,
NH2-NH2 +
Sodium ethoxide, C2H5ONa
Hydrocarbons
18
Tollen’s Test
Aldehydes or Formic acid, HCOOH
Tollen’s reagent (Ammoniacal AgNO3)
Silver mirror
19
Fehling’s Test
Aliphatic Aldehydes or HCOOH
Fehling’s solution (CuSO4 + Sod. Pot. tartrate)
Red cuprous oxide, Cu2O
20
Benzoin Condensation
Aromatic Aldehydes
Aqueous alcoholic KCN
Benzoin (α- hydroxy ketone)
21
Perkin’s Reaction
C6H5CHO + Sodium salt of fatty acid having two α- H atoms and its anhydride
Heat
Aromatic-unsaturated
fatty acid
22
Knoevenagel  Reaction
C6H5CHO +
Malonic acid, H2C(COOH)2
Pyridine
Cinnamic acid
23
a) Friedel - Craft’s Acetylation
C6H6 + RCOCl
Anhydrous AlCl3
Aromatic Ketones (Phenons)
b) Friedel - Craft’s Benzoyaltion
 C6H6 + ArCOCl
24
Esterification
Carboxylic acid + Alcohols
Mineral acids (conc. H2SO4, ……
Esters
25
Trans Esterification
Ester +
Lower alcohol
Mineral acid
Ester +
Higher alcohol
26
Hell-Volhard- Zelinsky Reaction or
HVZ Reaction
Fatty acids having
α- H atoms +
Br2 / PBr3
---
α- Halo acids
27
Kolbe’s electrolytic Reaction
Concentrated aqueous solution of sodium salt of acids
Electrolysis  
Hydrocarbons
28
Claisen Ester condensation
2 moles of esters
Strong bases (C2H5ONa)
Aceto acetic ester
29
Hoffmann’s Hypobromite / Bromamide Reaction
 Acid amides
(– CONH2)
 Br2 + Alkali
(NaOH or KOH)
10 amines

30

Gabriel’s Phthalimide Synthesis
          CO                   
C6H4<    >NH,KOH,RX
          CO    

Heat

Aliphatic
10 amine
31
Carbylamine Reaction
10 amines (- NH2)
CHCl3+ Alcoholic alkali (KOH); ∆
Carbylamine or Isocyanide
32
Mustard Oil Reaction
10 amines +
CS2 + HgCl2
Heat
Isothiocyanate
33
Diazotisation
Aromatic 10 amines, ArNH2
conc. HCl; NaNO2, 273 K
Benzene diazonium salt
34
Sand Meyer’s Reaction
Benzene diazonium salt, C6H5N2+X-  
Cu2Cl2+HCl; Cu2Br2+HBr or Cu2(CN)2+KCN
Halo or
Cyano benzene
35
Gattermann Reaction
Benzene diazonium salt, C6H5N2+X-
Cu powder + HCl or Cu + HBr
Halobenzene
36
Gomberg Bachmann Reaction or Gamberg Reaction
Benzene diazonium salts
C6H6 + NaOH
Biphenyl

 

2 comments:

  1. Hi would you minԁ shаring whіch
    blog plаtform you're using? I'm loοking to ѕtаrt my own blоg soon but I'm having a tough time making a decision between BlogEngine/Wordpress/B2evolution and Drupal. The reason I ask is because your design and style seems different then most blogs and I'm lοoking for something unique.
    P.S Sorrу fоr getting off-topic but I had to ask!
    My web site > newdecaptcher.com

    ReplyDelete
  2. Hi
    It's OK. I'm using Google blogger plot form. Thank you for your feedback.

    ReplyDelete